P0973JM交換機(jī)隔離輸入通道模塊

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P0973JM交換機(jī)隔離輸入通道模塊

機(jī)臺(tái)間的相對(duì)位置非常重要,關(guān)系到胎側(cè)在其間是否能夠順利地過(guò)渡與銜接,在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)就應(yīng)該予以充分地考慮,否則就容易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。例如上層噴淋與下層噴淋之間在原設(shè)計(jì)中高度較大,兩者高差1100mm,而且過(guò)渡輾道與下層冷卻輸送帶間距也較大,胎側(cè)膠由上層過(guò)渡到下層時(shí)懸空長(zhǎng)度大,胎側(cè)到達(dá)下層冷卻輸送帶時(shí)出現(xiàn)跑偏和歪扭,嚴(yán)重時(shí)還發(fā)生翻轉(zhuǎn)。對(duì)比德國(guó)KRUPP的胎面聯(lián)動(dòng)線,其上下噴淋的間距是較小的,僅為780mm。考慮到胎側(cè)膠既輕且薄,如果懸空長(zhǎng)度大是很容易出現(xiàn)歪扭甚至翻轉(zhuǎn)的,在不改變?cè)O(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下,我們對(duì)過(guò)渡輥道進(jìn)行改動(dòng),將胎側(cè)膠的懸空長(zhǎng)度限制在300mm,即胎側(cè)寬度的1.5～2倍之間(參見圖2),并對(duì)浮動(dòng)輥的位置和長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行調(diào)整,減小其擺動(dòng)幅度,防止胎側(cè)時(shí)緊時(shí)松。經(jīng)實(shí)際驗(yàn)證效果非常好，完全沒有跑偏和翻轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。

由此可見,在聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)中考慮各機(jī)臺(tái)間的緊湊性是很必要的。另一方面,因?yàn)檫^(guò)渡輥道的輥筒有可能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)不靈活或是與胎側(cè)接觸不好,輥筒與胎側(cè)間就會(huì)有滑動(dòng)摩擦和拉拽的情況,造成制品表面不光滑和被拉伸,因此設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)過(guò)渡輥道可以采用主動(dòng)的形式,確保制品被順利地牽引和過(guò)渡。 4.2前后機(jī)臺(tái)間的速度匹配速度整定裝置(浮動(dòng)輥)在聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)行中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,前后機(jī)臺(tái)間的速度匹配需要它來(lái)保證，如果其效果不好就會(huì)使制品被拉伸。胎側(cè)膠比較薄，是很容易被拉伸的，而工藝要求胎側(cè)制品在擠出到裁斷或是卷取過(guò)程中的拉伸不能超過(guò)5mm。前后機(jī)臺(tái)間的浮動(dòng)輥的安裝位置是否合適直接影響到調(diào)速效果,其位置的確定和調(diào)整要注意以下幾個(gè)方面: (1) 浮動(dòng)輥能夠靈活地?cái)[動(dòng),但也要有一定的預(yù)緊力,保證浮動(dòng)輥始終都能與制品保持接觸; (2) 后機(jī)臺(tái)的速度整定以前機(jī)臺(tái)的速度為基準(zhǔn),調(diào)整范圍在10～15%左右,這樣前后機(jī)臺(tái)間的速度變化不至于太大; (3) 擺動(dòng)角度不宜過(guò)大,否則易使得機(jī)臺(tái)的速度波動(dòng)過(guò)大而造成制品拉伸; MBR技術(shù)在國(guó)外污水處理中的研究及應(yīng)用膜分離技術(shù)在污水處理中的應(yīng)用開始于20世紀(jì)60年代末#1969年美國(guó)的Smith等人將活性污泥法與超濾膜組件相結(jié)合用于處理城市污水的工藝研究,該工藝大膽地提出了用膜分離技術(shù)取代常規(guī)活性污泥法中的二沉池,利用膜具有高效截留的物理特性,使生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)維持較高的污泥濃度,在F/M低比值下工作,這樣就可以使有機(jī)物盡可能地得到氧化降解,提高了反應(yīng)器的去除效率,這就是MBR的初雛形。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)70年代,有關(guān)MBR的研究進(jìn)一步深入開展#1970年,Hardt等人使用完全混合生物反應(yīng)器與超濾膜組合工藝處理生活污水,獲得了98%的COD去除率和100%去除細(xì)菌的結(jié)果。1971年,Bemberis等人在污水處理廠進(jìn)行了MBR試驗(yàn),取得了良好的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。1978年,Bhattacharyya等人將超濾膜用于處理城市污水,獲得了非飲用回用水。1978年,Grethlein利用厭氧消化池與膜分離進(jìn)行了處理生活污水的研究,BOD和TN的去除率分別為90%和75%。在這一時(shí)期,盡管各國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)MBR工藝做了大量的研究工作,并獲得了一定的研究成果,但是由于當(dāng)時(shí)膜組件的種類很少,制膜工藝也不是十分成熟,膜的壽命通常很短,這就限制了MBR工藝長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行,從而也就限制了MBR技術(shù)在實(shí)際工程中的推廣應(yīng)用。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代以后,隨著材料科學(xué)的發(fā)展與制膜水平的提高,推動(dòng)了膜生物反應(yīng)器技術(shù)的向前發(fā)展,MBR工藝也隨之得到迅速發(fā)展。日本研究者根據(jù)本國(guó)國(guó)土狹小!地價(jià)高的特點(diǎn)對(duì)MBR技術(shù)進(jìn)行了大力開發(fā)和研究,并在MBR技術(shù)的研究和開發(fā)上走在了前列,使MBR技術(shù)開始走向?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用。 20世紀(jì)90年代以后,MBR技術(shù)得到了為迅猛的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)MBR在生活污水處理!工業(yè)廢水處理!飲用水處理等方面的應(yīng)用都進(jìn)行了研究,MBR已經(jīng)進(jìn)入實(shí)際應(yīng)用階段,并得到了快速的推廣。 20世紀(jì)的后幾年,人們圍繞著膜生物反應(yīng)器的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了較多的研究,并取得了一些成果。有關(guān)膜生物反應(yīng)器的研究從實(shí)驗(yàn)室小試!中試規(guī)模走向了生產(chǎn)性試驗(yàn),應(yīng)用MBR的中、小型污水處理廠也逐漸見諸報(bào)道。1998年初,歐洲一座應(yīng)用一體式膜生物反應(yīng)器的生活污水處理廠在英國(guó)的Porlock建成運(yùn)行,成為英國(guó)膜生物反應(yīng)器技術(shù)的里程碑。 The relative position between the machine benches is very important, which is related to whether the sidewalls can smoothly transition and connect between them. It should be fully considered in the design, otherwise problems will easily occur. For example, in the original design, the height between the upper spraying and the lower spraying is relatively large, with a height difference of 1100mm. In addition, the distance between the transition roller and the lower cooling conveyor belt is also large. When the sidewall rubber transits from the upper layer to the lower layer, the suspension length is large. When the sidewall reaches the lower cooling conveyor belt, there is deviation and distortion, and even overturning in serious cases. Compared with the tread linkage line of KRUPP in Germany, the distance between upper and lower spraying is small, only 780mm. Considering that the sidewall rubber is light and thin, if the suspension length is large, it is easy to distort or even overturn. Without changing the equipment structure, we will change the transition roller table, limit the suspension length of the sidewall rubber to 300 mm, that is, 1.5~2 times the sidewall width (see Figure 2), and adjust the position and length of the floating roller to reduce its swing amplitude and prevent the sidewall from being tight or loose. The actual verification results are very good, and there is no deviation and overturning phenomenon.
It can be seen that it is necessary to consider the compactness between machines in the design of linkage devices. On the other hand, because the roller of the transition roller table may not rotate flexibly or contact with the sidewall well, there will be sliding friction and pulling between the roller and the sidewall, resulting in the product surface is not smooth and stretched. Therefore, the transition roller table can be designed in an active way to ensure that the product is smoothly pulled and transferred. 4.2 The speed matching speed setting device (floating roll) between the front and rear machine tables plays a vital role in the operation of the linkage device. It is required to ensure the speed matching between the front and rear machine tables. If its effect is not good, the products will be stretched. The sidewall rubber is thin and easy to stretch. The process requires that the stretch of sidewall products from extrusion to cutting or coiling shall not exceed 5mm. Whether the installation position of the floating roll between the front and rear machine tables is appropriate directly affects the speed regulation effect. The determination and adjustment of its position should pay attention to the following aspects: (1) The floating roll can swing flexibly, but it should also have a certain preload to ensure that the floating roll can always keep in contact with the products; (2) The speed of the rear machine is set to the speed of the front machine as the benchmark, and the adjustment range is about 10~15%, so that the speed change between the front and rear machines is not too large; (3) The swing angle should not be too large, otherwise it is easy to make the machine speed fluctuate too much and cause the product to stretch; The research and application of MBR technology in foreign sewage treatment The application of membrane separation technology in sewage treatment began in the late 1960s. In 1969, Smith and others in the United States first combined activated sludge process with ultrafiltration membrane module to study the process of treating urban sewage. This process boldly proposed to replace the secondary sedimentation tank in conventional activated sludge process with membrane separation technology, making use of the physical characteristics of membrane with high efficiency retention, Maintain a high sludge concentration in the bioreactor, and work at a low F/M ratio, so that the organic matter can be oxidized and degraded as much as possible, and improve the removal efficiency of the reactor, which is the initial prototype of MBR. In the 1970s, the research on MBR was further carried out. In 1970, Hardt et al. used the combined process of fully mixed bioreactor and ultrafiltration membrane to treat domestic sewage, and achieved 98% COD removal rate and 100% bacteria removal rate. In 1971, Bemberis et al. conducted MBR test in the sewage treatment plant and obtained good test results. In 1978, Bhattacharyya et al. used ultrafiltration membrane to treat urban sewage and obtained non potable water reuse. In 1978, Grethlein studied the treatment of domestic sewage using anaerobic digestion tank and membrane separation. The removal rates of BOD and TN were 90% and 75% respectively. During this period, although scholars all over the world have done a lot of research work on the MBR process and obtained certain research results, because there were few types of membrane modules at that time, the membrane making process was not very mature, and the life of the membrane was usually very short, which restricted the long-term stable operation of the MBR process, and thus limited the promotion and application of MBR technology in practical projects. Since the 1980s, with the development of material science and the improvement of membrane preparation level, the membrane bioreactor technology has been promoted, and the MBR process has also been rapidly developed. Japanese researchers are small according to their own territory! The characteristics of high land price have made great efforts to develop and research MBR technology, and have taken the lead in the research and development of MBR technology, making MBR technology begin to be applied in practice. Since the 1990s, MBR technology has achieved the most rapid development. People have made great efforts to treat domestic sewage with MBR! Industrial wastewater treatment! The application of drinking water treatment and other aspects has been studied. MBR has entered the practical application stage and has been rapidly promoted. In the last few years of the 20th century, people carried out more research around the key issues of membrane bioreactor, and made some achievements. The research on membrane bioreactor starts from the laboratory test! The scale of pilot scale has moved towards productive test, and medium and small sewage treatment plants using MBR have gradually been reported. At the beginning of 1998, the first European domestic sewage treatment plant with integrated membrane bioreactor was built and put into operation in Porlock, UK, which became a milestone of UK membrane bioreactor technology.

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P0973JM交換機(jī)隔離輸入通道模塊

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